A string, ribbon or rope fits tightly round something round: a coin, a cake, a tree trunk, a pond, the Moon or the whole Earth. It is made a few centimetres longer and held out evenly. The student works out the gap all the way round, how much longer it must be for a given gap, or which of two gaps is bigger.
The statement gives the one fact needed: the distance round a circle is about 3 times the distance across. So 30 cm more round makes the loop 10 cm wider across, a 5 cm gap on each side, whatever the size of the thing inside. The working marks the two gaps across the middle of the loop.

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